Hydrogen combustion implies the permanent removal from our atmosphere of directly usable oxygen, a serious environmental problem called oxygen depletion, since the combustion turns oxygen into water whose separation to restore the original oxygen is prohibitive due to cost. Abstract.

If a fuel cell is designed to operate also in reverse as an electrolyzer, then electricity can be used to convert the water back into hydrogen and oxygen. This dual-function system is known as a reversible or unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC).

A Smithsonian Institute project to gather historical materials. A technology and applications overview and brief illustrated history are presented for each of the major fuel cell types.

Informative, animated colorful descriptions of fuel cell types, with many related links.

Kittering University: fuel cell basics, links, and pictures.

FuelCellStore.com is integrating and advancing the fuel cell industry by bringing product component manufacturers, fuel cell system integrators and consumers together.

Grist Magazine article based on Tom Koppel's book "Powering the Future: The Ballard Fuel Cell and the Race to Change the World."

About fuel cells, fuel cell technology research, market opportunities, fuel cell energy for isolated communities, and related topics. From Desert Research Institute (Nevada, U.S.).

Research paper written by Will Jobs documenting the history of, applications of, future of, and essentially every aspect of hydrogen fuel cells.